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Yerevan Cascade

 

The Yerevan Cascade is another Soviet-era project that was only partially completed in 1991 when the Soviet Union collapsed.

It was conceived as a giant stairway linking the relatively flat area around the Opera House up a steep hill to a series of monuments on the heights above the city, offering unobstructed views of central Yerevan and Mount Ararat.

 

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Yerevan Cascade - conceived as a giant stairway linking the city to a series of monuments on the heights
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The lower, completed part, is quite stunningly clad in white limestone.  

Inside the Cascade there are seven pairs of escalators that rise to landings within the complex, some of which connect to exhibit halls that are now elements in the Cafesjian Museum of Art.

 

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The Cascade looks daunting from outside but seven pairs of escalators inside save a lot of climbing
 

Gerard Cafesjian was a, Brooklyn born, American-Armenian philanthropist and collector (1925-2013), who was gifted the unfinished complex as an art gallery, conditional upon its renovation. His Cafesjian Museum Foundation then invested over 35 million US dollars in stage one of the project that opened again to the public in 2009. He died before a planned top gallery was built.

Outside the flow of the Cascade is interrupted at intervals by fountain courts featuring modernist sculptures from the Cafesjian collection. 

 

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Fountain courts interrupt the flow of steps - Ararat in the distance
 


Wikipedia tells us:

'The majority of the museum's collection are derived from the private collection of the founder Gerard L. Cafesjian. With more than 5,000 works, the centre exhibits one of the most comprehensive glass collections in the world, particularly the works of the Czech couple Stanislav Libenský and Jaroslava Brychtová, whose collaborative work revolutionized the use of glass as an artistic medium. Other important glass artists in the collection include Dale Chihuly, Bohumil Elias, Pavel Hlava, Jaromír Rybák, Ivana Šrámková, Bertil Vallien, Lino Tagliapietra, Mark Peiser, and Hiroshi Yamano. The collection also has substantial holdings in drawing, painting and sculpture by many influential artists including Fernando Botero, Arshile Gorky, Jennifer Bartlett, Lynn Chadwick, Barry Flanagan, Jaume Plensa, and François-Xavier Lalanne'.

 

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Part of the glass collection - reminds me of a Limerick:  There was a young man from Madras...

At the base of the Cascade is a garden sculpture court with works by contemporary sculptors including several by Botero.

 

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Works by Botero and several other contemporary sculptors 

 

The top, unfinished, part remains a dilapidated building site.  Much of the exposed 1970's concrete is crumbling, exposing the steel reinforcing, and it looks anything but safe. We made our way up some very dodgy stairs and paths to admire the view. It was quite a steep climb.

 

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At the top - the concrete is crumbling - and this is an earthquake area

 

After our exertions we had earned a coffee at one of the up-market restaurants that line the street adjacent to the lower sculpture gardens.
 

 

 

 

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Travel

Istanbul

 

 

Or coming down to earth...

 

When I was a boy, Turkey was mysterious and exotic place to me. They were not Christians there; they ate strange food; and wore strange clothes. There was something called a ‘bazaar’ where white women were kidnapped and sold into white slavery. Bob Hope and Bing Crosby, or was it Errol Flynn, got into all sorts of trouble there with blood thirsty men with curved swords. There was a song on the radio that reminded me over and over again that ‘It’s Istanbul not Constantinople Now’, sung by The Four Lads, possibly the first ‘boy band’.

 

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Fiction, Recollections & News

We hired a Jeep

 

In Sicily we hired a Jeep to get from Palermo around the island.

I had my doubts about this steed. Our two big bags wouldn't fit in the boot. One had to be strapped in on the back seat - a bit disappointing.

At above 130, the speed limit, there's something odd about the steering – so much so that I stopped quite soon to check the tyre pressures. I was regretting my choice.

Reassured about the tyres we set off again.

On the plus side the fuel consumption seemed OK and the zoned climate control worked well.

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Opinions and Philosophy

Carbon Capture and Storage

 

 

(Carbon Sequestration)

 

 

The following abbreviated paper is extracted from a longer, wider-ranging, paper with reference to energy policy in New South Wales and Australia, that was written in 2008. 
This extract relates solely to CCS.
The original paper that is critical of some 2008 policy initiatives intended to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions can still be read in full on this website:
Read here...

 

 

 


Carbon Sequestration Source: Wikimedia Commons

 

This illustration shows the two principal categories of Carbon Capture and Storage (Carbon Sequestration) - methods of disposing of carbon dioxide (CO2) so that it doesn't enter the atmosphere.  Sequestering it underground is known as Geosequestration while artificially accelerating natural biological absorption is Biosequestration.

There is a third alternative of deep ocean sequestration but this is highly problematic as one of the adverse impacts of rising CO2 is ocean acidification - already impacting fisheries. 

This paper examines both Geosequestration and Biosequestration and concludes that while Biosequestration has longer term potential Geosequestration on sufficient scale to make a difference is impractical.

Read more: Carbon Capture and Storage

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